Takaro's primary research areas focus on disease susceptibility factors in environmental and occupational health, particularly inflammatory lung conditions, including asthma, chronic beryllium disease and asbestosis. His approach as a researcher and physician has been to try to link laboratory biomarker innovations with public health practice including community-based interventions. Over the past several years Dr. Takaro has been investigating human health effects of climate change and adaptive capacity with a focus on potable water.